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Idiopathic Toe Walking: Part 1

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1.  What is a TRUE statement about idiopathic toe walking (ITW)? A diagnostic term that describes a condition in which children ≥ 2 years ambulate with a bilateral toe-toe pattern without a medical or neurodevelopmental etiology. ITW includes an absence/inability to generate heel strike during initial contract. ITW includes an absence of full foot contact during the stance phase (early heel rise). All of the above

2.  In typical gait development, at what age is there an adult muscle activation pattern with head/trunk control, anticipatory postural adjustments, and joint motion? Under 1 year 2-3 years By 7-8 years Kids never achieve an adult muscle activation pattern.

3.  What is the most common compensation for ankle dorsoflexion restrictions (contracture)? Foot eversion Foot pronation Knee flexion None of the above

4.  Which is NOT TRUE about ITW? A causal relationship between SPD and ITW has been established. It is a diagnosis of exclusion. The diagnosis is clinical, making it necessary to rule out other neurological and orthopedic conditions. ITW has also been referred to as habitual toe walking, toe walking, and congenital short tendo-calcaneus.

5.  Which of the following diagnoses are associated with toe walking in young children? Cerebral palsy Tethered cord Muscular Dystrophy All of the above